Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

茶树GGPS基因家族的克隆、生物信息学和表达分析

牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase,GGPS)是萜类合成途径的结构酶,对植物生长发育具有重要意义。本研究通过RACE和RT-PCR方法克隆得到5条潜在的茶树GGPS序列,分别命名为CsGGPS1-4和CsGGPS9,其中CsGGPS9存在3条等位基因,分别是CsGGPS9-1、CsGGPS9-2和CsGGPS9-3,在系统进化树上与其他基因分成两支。蛋白质序列分析表明,茶树GGPS家族成员都具有polyprenyl_synt结构域,不存在信号肽序列。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4定位在叶绿体上,CsGGPS3和CsGGPS9定位在线粒体上。通过Swiss Model进行三维建模,结合"three-floor"模型对茶树GGPS家族成员的功能进行预测,预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4是GGPS;CsGGPS3是异源二聚体形式的牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶的小亚基;CsGGPS9的催化主产物是碳链数大于30的异戊烯基焦磷酸。q RT-PCR分析表明,CsGGPS1整体表达丰度较低,仅在一芽二叶中表达量稍高;CsGGPS2在茶树各个组织中均有表达,在花中表达量最高,且花发育过程中表达量先上升后下降;CsGGPS3在叶和幼根中的表达量高于花,花发育过程中表达平稳;CsGGPS4在茶树各个组织中表达量数值相近,在花发育过程中表达量变化趋势与CsGGPS2相同;CsGGPS9的表达量在成熟叶中显著低于幼嫩叶片。     

大豆PAL2-3基因的克隆及转化研究

大豆异黄酮是苯丙氨酸代谢途径中合成的一类次级代谢产物,在苯丙氨酸代谢途径中,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是关键酶和限速酶。本课题组前期研究发现PAL基因的相对表达量与大豆异黄酮含量具有明显的协同增减趋势,并且在PAL基因家族成员时空表达模式分析中发现,PAL2-3(XM_003542493)是PAL基因家族中相对表达量较高的主要表达成员之一。本试验首先通过克隆大豆中PAL2-3基因;然后构建pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3植物过表达载体,将构建好的pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3表达载体重组质粒转化到根癌农杆菌EHA105中;采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化体系获得转化植株,并对T1代转化植株进行PPT检测,外源标记基因Bar检测以及荧光定量PCR检测,对转基因阳性植株进行大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的测定。结果表明T_1代转基因植株中PAL2-3基因的表达量是对照的5.11~11.24倍,总异黄酮含量最高的(2 587.63μg·g~(-1))是对照(1 616.90μg·g~(-1))的1.6倍。因此在大豆中过量表达PAL2-3基因可以提高大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量。     

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Differences in the Genetic Mechanism of Control of the Two Gait Patterns of the Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador Breed

The DMRT3 gene is described as the main gene involved in the determination of gait phenotypes in horses, and the allele A of the 22999655C>A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has been reported as a causal variant of this trait. In the Mangalarga Marchador breed, which exhibits two gait patterns with well-defined characteristics, genotypes AA and CA are associated with marcha picada and genotype CC with marcha batida. In this breed, allele A of the DMRT3 gene is only related to the marcha picada gait. The objective of this study was to identify the type of control of the marcha batida gait and to investigate SNPs and genomic regions responsible for this phenotype in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Forty-eight horses belonging to the two gait groups, marcha picada with AA and CA genotypes of the 22999655C>A SNP (n = 20) and marcha batida with CC genotype (n = 28), were analyzed using the Equine SNP70 BeadChip. The genome-wide association study result shows for the first time that, in contrast to the marcha picada gait phenotype that is apparently determined by a single gene (DMRT3) in which allele A of variant g.22999655C>A controls the trait, the marcha batida gait is controlled by a larger number of genes. Because of the small number of animals used in the two groups compared, the genomic regions associated with smaller effects on the marcha batida gait could not be identified.     

京郊休闲型家庭农场发展创新策略及保障机制

北京郊区具备发展休闲型家庭农场的多种条件,可以通过理性规划,准确定位;注入农耕文化,融于体验;塑造品牌,注重营销的创新发展策略来展开。在此基础上,政府应通过加强引导,提供各种政策保障;调整发展思路,促进农场区域化发展;建立休闲型农场专门人才的培养机制,提升农场主文化与经营水平等一系列保障机制来实现。     

Ultrastructural analysis of sequential cyprinid herpesvirus 3 morphogenesis in vitro

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is an alloherpesvirus, and it is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease. Although the complex morphogenic stages of the replication cycle of CyHV‐3 were shown to resemble that of other members of the Herpesvirales, detailed analysis of the sequence and timing of these events was not definitively determined. This study describes these features through a time course using cyprinid cell cultures (KF‐1 and CCB) infected with CyHV‐3 (KHV isolate, H361) and analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Rapid viral entry was noted, with high levels of intracellular virus within 1–4 h post‐infection (hpi). Intranuclear capsid assembly, paracrystalline array formation and primary envelopment of capsids occurred within 4 hpi. Between 1 and 3 days post‐infection (dpi), intracytoplasmic secondary envelopment occurred, as well as budding of infectious virions at the plasma membrane. At 5–7 dpi, the cytoplasm contained cytopathic vacuoles, enveloped virions within vesicles, and abundant non‐enveloped capsids; also there was frequent nuclear deformation. Several morphological features are suggestive of inefficient viral assembly, with production of non‐infectious particles, particularly in KF‐1 cells. The timing of this alloherpesvirus morphogenesis is similar to other members of the Herpesvirales, but there may be possible implications of using different cell lines for CyHV‐3 propagation.     

Characteristics of Collagen from Rohu (Labeo rohita) Skin

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were isolated from rohu skin with the yield of 64.2 and 6.8% (dry weight basis), respectively. Both collagens had glycine as the major amino acid with imino acid content of 196–202 residues/1,000 residues and were characterized as type I collagen with molecular composition of (α1)₂α2-heterotrimer. Fourier transform infrared spectra of both collagens were similar, with no shift in wavenumber of all amide bands. The T_max value of ASC and PSC was 36.40 and 35.48°C, respectively. The zero surface net charge of ASC and PSC was found at pH 5.9 and 5.3, respectively.     

Nutritional Qualities of the Low-Value Bivalve Mollusks Paphia malabarica and Villorita cyprinoides at the Estuarine Waters of the Southwestern Coast of India

The bivalve mollusks Paphia malabarica and Villorita cyprinoides collected from the estuarine system located in the southwest coastal waters of India were evaluated for their nutritional composition. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (> 1.0) with a greater quantity of sulfur-containing amino acids in these species demonstrated that they could provide well-balanced protein depositions. The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in P. malabarica was found to be greater than 2, and, therefore, can be considered as a healthy diet. The C₂₀–C₂₂ long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (for example, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) accounted for more than 23% of the total fatty acid content in P. malabarica as compared to about 7% in V. cyprinoides. P. malabarica showed greater hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (1.7) and lesser atherogenicity (0.7), thrombogenicity (0.3) indices when contrasted with those in V. cyprinoides, thereby indicating the nutritional superiority of the former. A greater content of vitamin D₃ (> 150 IU), along with significant quantities of calcium and phosphorus (> 500 mg/100 g) in the clams, signified their importance in preventing osteoporosis. This study demonstrated the importance of bivalves, in particular, P. malabarica as a valued species for human consumption.     

鲜食大豆新品种辽鲜豆3号选育及栽培要点

鲜食大豆新品种辽鲜豆3号是辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所以清河7号为母本,辽韩11为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱法选育而成。原品系编号为辽06M09-1-2。2015年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种口感香甜、柔糯。适于在辽宁省铁岭、沈阳、鞍山、辽阳、锦州及葫芦岛等地区种植。     

基于3G通信技术的现代图书馆工作新思路

3G移动通信技术所具有的高带宽、高数据传输率为现代图书馆的发展提供了新的历史机遇和挑战,传统的数字图书馆在基础设施、管理架构和服务模式等方面已经远远不能满足3G时代读者的个性化需求,因此对传统图书馆进行3G适应性的改造势在必行。结合3G移动通信的技术特征和传统图书馆的不足提出新环境下图书馆工作的新思路。